Overview and health benefits
Celery seed (Apium graveolens) is used in herbal medicine to support urinary health, alleviate joint pain, improve digestion, and promote cardiovascular health. Although other parts of the plant are beneficial too, the seed is particularly important. It contains various active compounds, including 3-n-butylphthalide (3nB), apiol, luteolin-glycosides and flavones which contribute to its medicinal effects. For example, 3nB is known for its vasodilatory and hypotensive effects (improving circulation and lowering blood pressure respectively), as well as for its lipid-lowering properties (Tsi & Tan, 1997; Lv et al., 2022). Apiol is used for its diuretic and urinary antiseptic properties (Wang et al., 2022; Sarshar et al., 2018). Luteolin-glycosides and flavones possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes (Jayawickreme et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2023).
Key Benefits of Celery Seed:
- Urinary health: Celery seed acts as a potent diuretic and urinary antiseptic (particularly thanks to apiol), making it effective for promoting urinary tract health and supporting the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Its diuretic properties help in flushing out toxins, thereby preventing urinary infections and reducing fluid retention (McIntyre, 2019). A 2018 study has demonstrated its efficacy against E. coli, a common cause of UTIs (Sarshar et al., 2018). Studies suggest it may also help protect the kidneys from injuries and break down kidney stones (Naushad et al., 2021; Stiani et al., 2019).
- Joint pain and anti-inflammatory effects: The anti-inflammatory properties of celery seed combined with its ability to help eliminate excess uric acid make it valuable in managing conditions such as arthritis, gout, and muscle pain (McIntyre, 2019). Clinical studies have demonstrated significant pain reduction and improved joint mobility, with effects comparable to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but without gastrointestinal side effects (Soundararajan & Daunter, 1991; Li et al., 2019; Zegota et al., 2021; Powanda & Rainsford, 2011).
- Digestive health: Celery seed aids in digestion by stimulating appetite and acting as a carminative to relieve bloating and gas. Its warming and antispasmodic properties help soothe the digestive tract, reducing cramps and discomfort (McIntyre, 2019). These benefits are supported by its traditional use and scientific validation as an effective digestive aid (Chevallier, 1996).
- Blood pressure regulation: Celery seed extract has been shown to effectively lower blood pressure, thanks to its diuretic and vasodilating properties (Verma et al., 2011). These properties help reduce fluid volume and relax blood vessels, contributing to better cardiovascular health. Research indicates a notable reduction in blood pressure among individuals taking celery seed extract (Le & Elliott, 1991).
- Antioxidant and liver protection: Rich in antioxidants, celery seed helps protect cells from oxidative stress and supports liver health by preventing damage from toxins. The antioxidant properties, including those from psoralens, enhance the seed’s anti-inflammatory effects and contribute to overall health (Singh & Handa, 1995; Sowbhagya, 2014).
- Menstrual comfort: Traditionally, celery seed has been used to alleviate menstrual discomfort due to its emmenagogue and antispasmodic properties (McIntyre, 2019; Asif et al., 2011).
Safety
Celery seed has been found to be safe in multiple studies (Tan et al., 2023; Shayani Rad et al., 2022). However, celery seed should be used with caution in individuals with known allergies to the Apiaceae family, as it may cause allergic reactions (Ballmer-Weber et al., 2000). It is also advisable for pregnant or breastfeeding women to avoid celery seed (McIntyre, 2019). People with kidney disorders should also exercise caution, as celery seed has a diuretic effect, which could exacerbate certain conditions (Naushad et al., 2021). Additionally, celery seed can be phototoxic when applied to the skin due to the presence of furanocoumarins and psoralens, which can cause skin irritation and increase sensitivity to sunlight (Grosu et al., 2024; Shtratnikova, 2023).As with any herbal remedy, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional before using it, especially if you have a pre-existing medical condition or are taking any prescription medications.