Overview and Health Benefits
Calendula officinalis, commonly known as calendula or pot marigold, has been valued as a medicine since Roman times for digestive problems, infections and even the plague (McIntyre, 2019). In modern Western herbal medicine, it is prized for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties, being used in particular to treat ailments related to skin health, wound healing, digestive health and reproductive health. Recent scientific studies have provided a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind calendula’s medicinal benefits.
Key benefits:
- Wound Healing and Skin Health: Calendula is widely used for its astringent and wound-healing properties. The herb promotes tissue regeneration, prevents infection and reduces inflammation, making it effective for treating minor cuts, burns, sores, bruises and abrasions (McIntyre, 2019). Studies have shown that calendula extract can significantly improve the healing process of wounds and reduce symptoms such as pain and swelling (Parente et al., 2012; Givol et al., 2019).
- Anti-inflammatory Properties: Calendula has powerful anti-inflammatory effects, which are beneficial in treating a variety of inflammatory conditions. Its effectiveness in reducing skin inflammation and irritation has been demonstrated in clinical trials, making it a popular ingredient in topical formulations for dermatitis and eczema (Ashwlayan et al., 2018; Stubbe & Valero, 2013).
- Antimicrobial and Antifungal Actions: The antimicrobial properties of calendula make it useful in preventing and treating infections. It has been shown to exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities, making it effective against a range of pathogens (Efstratiou et al., 2012; McIntyre, 2019; Hoffmann, 2003; Ashwlayan et al., 2018).
- Gastrointestinal Health: Calendula can soothe and heal the digestive tract, making it beneficial for conditions such as gastritis, ulcers, and inflammatory bowel disease. Its demulcent properties help to protect the mucous membranes and reduce inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract (McIntyre, 2019; Popham, n.d.). Its bitter compounds also stimulate the secretion of digestive enzymes, enhancing digestion and absorption (McIntyre, 2019).
- Menstrual Health: Calendula is known for its emmenagogue properties, which help to regulate the menstrual cycle and alleviate menstrual cramps, excessive menstrual bleeding and uterine congestion (McIntyre, 2019). It supports hormonal balance and can ease uncomfortable symptoms associated with menstruation and menopause (Hoffmann, 2003; Holmes, 2006).
- Immune System and Circulatory Support: Calendula has immune-boosting properties thanks to its polysaccharides, helping to strengthen the body’s natural defences (Sharma & Kumari, 2021). It acts as a lymphagogue, promoting the movement of lymph and assisting in the removal of toxins from the body, which is essential for maintaining a robust immune system (Sharma & Kumari, 2021; Wood, 2008).
Safety Profile
While widely acclaimed for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound-healing properties, calendula does come with certain cautions and contraindications. Notably, it should not be used during pregnancy, as it has been traditionally utilised as an emmenagogue and is considered a uterine stimulant (Brinker, 2010; McIntyre, 2019).
Additionally, those allergic to plants in the Asteraceae family, such as ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, or daisies, should avoid calendula due to potential allergic reactions (Brinker, 2010). Although not extensively studied in human trials, calendula might enhance the effects of hypnotic or anxiolytic drugs and has been shown in animal studies to increase sedative and hypotensive effects. This raises concerns about its interactions with medications for sedation, anxiety, hypertension, hypoglycemia, and cholesterol-lowering (Ashwlayan et al., 2018).
Furthermore, calendula’s prominent use as a vulnerary means that wounds must be thoroughly cleaned before its application, as the herb can rapidly repair tissue, potentially trapping dirt or bacteria inside (Holmes, 2006).
As with any herbal remedy, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional before using calendula, especially if you have a pre-existing medical condition or are taking any prescription medications.
