Everything You Need to Know About

Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata)

Botanical family: Acanthaceae
Parts used: Stems, Leaves
Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata)
by Malek Murison
Left Image

Overview and Health Benefits

Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata), also known as the “king of bitters”, is a powerful herb prized in Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is renowned for its immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and liver-supporting hepatoprotective effects (McIntyre, 2019; Mills & Bone, 2013; Kumar & Kumar, 2013). Modern scientific research has substantiated many of these traditional uses, revealing the plant’s broad spectrum of health benefits. 

Key Benefits:

  • Immune support (particularly against respiratory infections)
  • Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties
  • Liver health and hepatoprotection
  • Digestive health
  • Anti-anaemic

Andrographis is highly valued for its immune-modulating effects. Research indicates that it can enhance the immune response, making it useful in preventing and managing infections, particularly acute respiratory infections like the common cold and influenza (Cáceres et al., 1999; Poolsup et al., 2004; Kumar & Kumar, 2013; Mills & Bone, 2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed its efficacy in reducing the severity and duration of acute respiratory infections (Hu et al., 2017).

The herb’s anti-inflammatory capabilities are well-documented. Andrographolide, its primary active compound, inhibits pathways involved in inflammation (Okhuarobo et al., 2014). It is also traditionally used to reduce fever, aligning with its cooling energetic properties in both Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Balu et al., 1993; McIntyre, 2019).

Andrographis has potent hepatoprotective effects, safeguarding the liver from damage caused by toxins and supporting liver function (McIntyre, 2019). It has been used traditionally to address liver issues by Khmer herbalists in Cambodia (Chassagne et al., 2017). Studies have shown that andrographolide can protect liver cells and enhance liver regeneration, making it a promising agent for treating liver diseases (Mills & Bone, 2013). 

Known for its bitter properties, andrographis stimulates digestion and is used to treat various gastrointestinal issues such as dyspepsia, diarrhoea, and loss of appetite (Mills & Bone, 2013; McIntyre, 2019). Its traditional use in managing these conditions is supported by modern studies that highlight its ability to enhance digestive enzyme activity and improve overall gut health (Mills & Bone, 2013; Okhuarobo et al., 2014).

Andrographis can help increase iron levels in the blood, which is crucial for the formation of red blood cells. This makes it a potential adjunct in the management of iron-deficiency anaemia, particularly in individuals recovering from infections or chronic illnesses (Kumar & Kumar, 2013)

Safety Profile

Used in high doses, andrographis can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, anorexia, and vomiting (Bone & Mills, 2013). Individuals with hyperacidic conditions such as duodenal ulcers should avoid its use, as its bitter properties may exacerbate these issues (Bone & Mills, 2013). As with any herbal remedy, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional before using andrographis, especially if you have a pre-existing medical condition or are taking any prescription medications.

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Key Body Systems Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata) relates to

Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata)
Immune System
Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata)
Respiratory system
Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata)
Digestive System

Energetics

Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata)
Cooling
Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata)
Drying

Key actions

  • Immunomodulatory
  • Hepatoprotective
  • Antiviral
  • Antimicrobial
  • Anti-inflammatory
Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata)

Key uses

  • Respiratory infections
  • Digestive disorders

Where to Find Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata)

Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata)

Andrographis is a distinctive herbaceous plant that stands out due to its sharply quadrangular, branching stems and lanceolate, smooth, opposite leaves. This shrubby annual can grow to about 1 metre in height. The small, tubular flowers of Andrographis are usually rose pink or white, adorned with streaks of dark violet. These flowers, covered with fine hairs, are arranged in panicles, giving the plant a delicate yet striking appearance. The flowering period typically spans from November to December in its native habitats. You can find Andrographis in the wild across various regions of Asia, particularly in India and Sri Lanka, where it is both cultivated and found in the wild. It thrives in humid, hot climates and favours the rainy season for its growth. This herb prefers well-drained, fertile soil, often found in open fields and along roadside ditches. Andrographis also grows in other regions such as China, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, extending even to the West and East Indies and parts of Central America. Its adaptability to different environments, coupled with its distinct botanical features, makes Andrographis a remarkable and recognisable plant in the wild.

References

Balu, S., Alagesa Boopathi, C., & Elango, V. (1993). Antipyretic activities of some species of Andrographis Wall. Ancient Science of Life, 12(3-4), 399–402. https://doi.org/10.4103/0257-7941.22556619

Bone, K., & Mills, S. (2013). Principles and practice of phytotherapy: Modern herbal medicine (2nd ed.). Elsevier.

Cáceres, D. D., Hancke, J. L., Burgos, R. A., Sandberg, F., & Wikman, G. K. (1999). Use of visual analogue scale measurements (VAS) to assess the effectiveness of standardized Andrographis paniculata extract SHA-10 in reducing the symptoms of common cold: A randomized double-blind placebo study. Phytomedicine, 6(4), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(99)80012-9 

Chassagne, F., Deharo, E., Punley, H., & Bourdy, G. (2017). Treatment and management of liver diseases by Khmer traditional healers practicing in Phnom Penh area, Cambodia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 202, 28-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.002 

Hu, X. Y., Wu, R. H., Logue, M., Blondel, C., Lai, L. Y. W., Stuart, B., ... & Lewith, G. (2017). Andrographis paniculata (chuān xīn lián) for symptomatic relief of acute respiratory tract infections in adults and children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 12(8), e0181780.

Khalsa, K. P. S., & Tierra, M. (2010). The way of ayurvedic herbs. Motilal Banarsidass.

Kumar, S., & Kumar, A. (2013). Spatial and harvesting influence on growth, yield, quality, and economic potential of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Wall Ex. Nees). Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 114(1), 69-76.

McIntyre, A. (2019). The complete herbal tutor: The definitive guide to the principles and practices of herbal medicine. Aeon.

Okhuarobo, A., Falodun, J. E., Erharuyi, O., Imieje, V., Falodun, A., & Langer, P. (2014). Harnessing the medicinal properties of Andrographis paniculata for diseases and beyond: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 4(3), 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60509-0 

Poolsup, N., Suthisisang, C., Prathanturarug, S., Asawamekin, A., & Chanchareon, U. (2004). Andrographis paniculata in the symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 29(1), 37-45.